The Effect Of Glucose On The Body - 985 Words

Introduction: On October twenty-second, the lab preformed was blood glucose testing. Glucose is important within the body because it is blood sugar (SLM). Glucose is a substance that must be maintained within homeostasis (SLM). Also, glucose is needed to power most of the energy processes within the body in the form of ATP (SLM). Blood sugar or glucose should be at normal levels for a healthy individuals. The normal level for glucose is seventy to one hundred and ten (SLM). Some things that can alter the blood glucose levels are artificial sweeteners, dehydration, some medication, morning highs, women’s menstrual cycles, lack of sleep, weather, and caffeine (Everyday Health ). If these affects occur it could result in a person having diabetes. Diabetes is defined as the inability to produce enough insulin within the body. If a person has diabetes it can be controlled, by insulin shots and monitoring the glucose levels. The hormones involved in glucose are insulin and also glucagon. Insulin can regulate blood glucose levels by the pancreas detecting food intake (McKinley). Also, chemoreceptors in beta cells detect the increased and stimulated to release insulin (McKinley). Glucagon is a hormone that is released due to low glucose levels within the body. Glucagon attaches to plasma membrane receptors, which activate secondary messengers (McKinley). Glucagon causes glycogenolysis, and also lipolysis. The factors that affect insulin are beta cells and glucagonShow MoreRelatedThe Effect Of Glucose On The Body1335 Words   |  6 PagesIn order for the body to function properly, it requires energy which mainly comes from carbohydrates and fats we would take in as food. Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose which is soluble in blood. It is transported by the blood cells all around the body where it reacts with oxygen and will produce carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O) and energy. C6H12O6 +6O2 ------------6CO2 +6H2O +Energy Glucose + Oxygen ïÆ'   Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy Carbon dioxide and water are formed during respiration(theRead MoreThe Effect Of Blood Glucose Regulation On The Body1800 Words   |  8 PagesGlucose is the primary energy source for the brain and it also serves as a source of energy for cells throughout the body. The energy provided by glucose helps the cells to carry out nerve cell conduction, muscle cell contraction, active transport and the production of chemical and metabolic reactions. These processes are all essential for the bodies survival and all require glucose to carry out their actions. Blood glucose regulation is the process by which the levels of blood glucose, are maintainedRead MoreA Brief Note On Glucose And Its Effect On The Body2178 Words   |  9 Pages Glucose Lab Paper John Chung Physiology 281 Professor Varamini November 7, 2016 Chung 2 Introduction In the modern society people live in today, people have started to take in good cuisines. It became more than just a necessity. Eating and consuming foods are required for every individual as people need it to survive, but too much can be taken in which then, results in harming the body. Desserts such as cake and ice cream are sweet because they have a high concentration of sugar. SugarRead MoreThe Effect Of Blood Glucose Regulation On Human Bodies2353 Words   |  10 PagesBlood Glucose Regulation Homeostasis is what physiological systems in our bodies do in order to maintain a stable internal environment. Stability is held together by the coordinated responses of the components involved to any stress or unfamiliar situation that the human body is put under that could disrupt its normal functioning conditions. Homeostasis must be maintained constantly in order for our bodies to be able to function properly and not under stress which could have major effects later onRead MoreThe Effect Of Body Composition, Size And Age On The Regulation Of Glucose2037 Words   |  9 PagesThe effect of body composition, size and age on the regulation of glucose in fasting individuals Abstract: Glucose homeostasis is the process in which the body regulates glucose by secreting hormones such as insulin and glucagon from the pancreas. It is controlled by a mechanism known as a negative feedback loop. The experiment compares the blood glucose levels of three fasting individuals at several intervals within 120 minutes, body measurements such as BMI and body fat percentage were also recordedRead MoreInvestigating The Effect Of Macromolecules On The Body : Glucose, Lipids, Starch, And Protein1438 Words   |  6 Pagesusing different indicator methods to classify four different macromolecules in the body: glucose, lipids, starch, and protein. There were four different tests used in to identify which macromolecules were present in each substance. Lipids were identified by the stains they created on a sheet of paper towel. Biuret reagent was added to the substance to identify proteins. Benedict’s Solution (and heat) identified glucose in the substance. Finally, iodine i dentified the presence of starch in the substanceRead MoreThe Body s Energy From Four Key Fuels1655 Words   |  7 PagesThe body derives it s energy from four key fuels 1) glucose 2)proteins 3) free fatty acids 4) ketones. The primary determinant of the fuel utilized is the availability of carbohydrate. The body has three storage units that can be utilized during times of calorie deprivation: 1) carbohydrate, which is sotred in liver and the muscles 2) protein, which can be converted to glucose in the liver 3) fat, which is stored primarily in adipose tissue. Under specific conditions a fourth fuel comes into playRead MoreInternal And External Environment Of Homeostasis1591 Words   |  7 Pagesbalance which in return allows the body to function optimally. Homeostasis requires coordination of the hormonal (endocrine system) and nervous systems, which together regulate the activity of the body’s organ systems. The regulatory activities are constantly adjusted in response to stimuli (change) from both the internal and external environment. A change influenced by the external environment can cause a state in the body that will take it away from the normal, the body will act to counteract this changeRead MoreDiabetes : Diabetes And Type Two Diabetes1688 Words   |  7 PagesThe cells of a diabetic have problems taking up glucose due to either the lack of insulin or a resistance to insulin. Instead, the sugar remains in the blood, resulting in the rise of blood glucose levels. The rise in blood glucose levels results in the disease that is broken down into two main types, type one diabetes and type two diabetes. Type one diabetes is an autoimmune disease, meaning a disease in which the body s immune system attacks healthy cells, that causes the insulin producing betaRead MoreA Bodys Metabolism and Diabetes1340 Words   |  5 PagesMetabolism is the process in which the body takes the energy from food eaten and turns it into fuel which the body then uses to perform functions such as growth and physical activity. Humans need a variety of different sources of foods in order to maintain a healthy, functioning body. Proteins can be found in meats, fish, shellfish and dairy products, as well as nuts and legumes. These protein sources are used to grow and repair tissue. Fats are needed by the body to function and thrive, but the types

1.New User Policy. Original New User Policy Statement.

1. New User Policy Original New User Policy Statement: â€Å"New users are assigned access based on the content of an access request. The submitter must sign the request and indicate which systems the new user will need access to and what level of access will be needed. A manager’s approval is required to grant administrator level access.† Modified New User Policy Statement: All users must be assigned with a standard unique identifier (user ID) and default password for accessing the systems. Default passwords should be changed upon initial access to the system. New users are assigned access based on the content of an access request. The submitter must sign the request and indicate which systems the new user will need access to and what†¦show more content†¦This section states that â€Å"Implement hardware, software, and/or procedural mechanisms that record and examine activity in information systems that contain or use electronic protected health information. Implementation of the audit trail controls in the systems containing sensitive information as well the systems accessing it would help the system administrators to review the activity of information or review the activity of any user. 2. Password Requirements Policy: Original password requirements policy: â€Å"Passwords must be at least eight characters long and contain a combination of upper- and lowercase letters. Shared passwords are not permitted on any system that contains patient information. When resetting a password, users cannot reuse any of the previous six passwords that were used. Users entering an incorrect password more than three times will be locked out for at least 15 minutes before the password can be reset.† Modified Password requirement policy: â€Å"Passwords must be at least eight characters long and contain a combination of upper- and lowercase letters. Shared passwords are not permitted on any system that contains patient information. When resetting a password, users cannot reuse any of the previous six passwords that were used. Users entering an incorrect password more than three times will be locked out for at least 15 minutes before the password can be reset. All passwords must beShow MoreRelatedAmerica Online, Financial statement analysis788 Words   |  4 PagesFinancial statement analysis America Online, Inc. Case Study 1 1. Prior to 1995, why was America Online so successful in the commercial online industry relative to its competitors CompuServe and Prodigy? AOL offered a broad range of features including real-time talk, electronic mail, e-magazines and newspapers, online classes, shopping, and internet access. 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Thus, risk analysts seek to identify the risks faced by an institution or business unit, understand the process, they arise, and estimate the impact regarding financial or else of adverse outcomes. Risk analysis helps identify and manage potential

Opportunities Ryanair - 931 Words

Opportunities Europe s bloodbath (again) 1. Recessionary conditions suit true Low Cost Carriers best. The global economic recession has handed Ryanair and similar carriers near-perfect operating conditions. As Ryanair explains, this recession has encouraged passengers to become much more price sensitive which is why they are switching to Ryanair s low fares and unbeatable customer service over all other competitors. Ryanair expects a 15-20% reduction in average fares this year to around EUR32 per passenger. Ryanair is expecting that several of its smaller rivals will not be able to withstand falls of this size over a longer period. This means that Ryanair is in a position to profit handsomely over the next 12 months. Ryanair s†¦show more content†¦This would require off-base (like crew lodging in areas not having home bases) service operations increasing operational costs. This will cut into its operating margins. At the same time, its improved services can have a positive impact on the share prices. Since stock market earnings are always based on expansions and high operating margins they will continue to be vulnerable to market dynamics. Ryanair is already the leader in the lower price segment and it needs to cater the rapidly growing value segment to have total domination. The value segment constitutes travelers interested to optimize time, comfort and price. 2. Preferences would have to be given to city-centric airports, convenient departure and arrival times, and basic service. Competitors like Easy Jet, Air Berlin, Basic Air, BMI Baby are catering to the Value market segment. They have been successful in establishing slots at some primary airports and providing basic cost effective services. Acquisition of Aer Lingus has not only enhanced Ryanair’s expansion plans and market share but also helped it to stay in the top position of being in the low-price segment. The SWOT analysis given below explains how Ryanair can achieve its goals and mission by capitalizing on opportunities and utilizing its strengths and eliminating its weaknesses and threats. 3. OPPORTUNITIES: EU regulations, dependence on economic cycle. - LCC market share can double -Show MoreRelatedCase Study: Internal analysis of Ryanair1196 Words   |  5 PagesResources * Ryanair currently employs 2000 people (2003) from 25 nations. * The pay is performance related and among the highest in the airline industry (Annual Report 2004, p. 5). Travel concessions and participation in the share option program is granted to all employees. In 2003 over 30% (639 in total) of employees took part in the stock option program - the average pay per employee was about 53.000 (Annual Report 2004, p. 21). * CEO Michael OLeary has significantly shaped Ryanair. 2. PhysicalRead MoreRyanair Leadership Strategy Report4194 Words   |  17 PagesRecommendations (one page) Ryanair has been one of the Britain’s best low cost airlines for around 25 years since being established in 1985 by the Ryan family. Ryanair have always aimed to show their customers their statistics and monthly reports; â€Å"Ryanair believe that any worthwhile passenger service commitment must involve a commitment on both pricing and punctuality, that s why Ryanair is committed to publishing Customer Service Statistics each month and these confirm that Ryanair is No. 1 for CustomerRead MoreCritical Discussion Of The Ryanair Strategy For Past 3-5 Years4298 Words   |  18 Pagesof the Ryanair Strategy for past 3-5 years †¢ Summary of the Ryan Air The Ryan family founded Ryanair in 1985 by Tony Ryan, head of the family. The company was started to provide scheduled passenger airline services between Ireland and the UK, as an alternative to the then state monopoly carrier, Aer Lingus. 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Compare his managerial style with Richard Brandson of Virgin and Stelios Haj-Ioannou of Easy Jet. Do you see similarities, differences? O’Leary is said to have a pugnacious and aggressive management style, using a flat management hierarchy whose ethos is to provide a low cost, reliable and competitive service. Ryanair decided to hire O’Leary and sent him to the States for studying the Southwest low costRead MoreStrategy - Ryanair1400 Words   |  6 Pages- Dec 2011 Z0928183 INTRODUCTION Ryanair was founded in 1985 with only two aircrafts and a single Dublin-London route . By 2010 Ryanair had transformed itself into Europe s leading low cost airlines with 232 aircrafts flying to 153 destination. Ryan Air s strategic objective has been to offer the lowest possible air fare to its passengers and strive towards becoming europe No.1 Low Cost airlines. 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Finance and Cooperative to Electricity Management

Question: Discuss about the Finance and Cooperative to Electricity Management. Answer: Introduction: A problem that is not easy or possible to solve due to incomplete or changing requirements are termed as wicked problems. The term wicked is mostly used to illustrate opposition to resolution rather than evil. As a result, there is no ultimate formulation of a wicked problem. The wicked problem that is introduced illustrates the shifting to more renewable sources of energy in Australia. Renewable energy has apparently entered the golden age in Australia over the past decade. The renewable energy fund of the government of Australia has been investing in innovative projects in order to meet the Renewable Energy Target (Head and Alford 2015). However, the absolute volume of column edges on renewable energy in Australia has not interpreted into established renewable generation of power. The essay provides an overview about the wicked problem that is related to shifting to renewable energy. Problem related to renewable energy includes the requirement for an incessant supply of energy for the existence of the human race. The purpose of the essay is to illustrate shifting to renewable energy is directly associated with change in climate however; they are not equal. The wicked problem that is related with renewable energy sources in Australia will lead to difficulty of generation of large quantities of electricity that manufactured by traditional generators of fossil fuels. This indicates that the amount of energy that is used requires to be diminished. The reliability of supply is another major wicked problem that is associated with shifting towards renewable energy. In other words, the hydro generators in Australia require rain to fill dams in order to supply flowing water (Head 2014). The present cost of technology related to renewable energy is far more costly as compared to traditional generation of fossil fuel. The shifting towards sustainable renewable sources of energy requires unprecedented global cooperation on expansive measures to stridently diminish global releases of greenhouse gases. The effort to quantify and expand renewable energy in Australia is mostly dealt by the Renewable energy in Australia. The first green fuels laboratory in Australia has unlocked its doors in provincial Queensland that facilitates to shift to biofuels. This allows the researchers to test biocrude on the shores rather than overseas. In Australia, biofuels is available both in the form of ethanol fuel and biodiesel that can be produced from grains as well as sugarcane. In this discussion, biofuels denotes to the conversion of plant biomass to a liquid fuel that is mostly used in transportation. There are however; several wicked problems that are associated with the production of biofuels. This mostly includes the impact of moderating prices of oil, level of carbon emission as well as loss of biodiversity ( Redford, Adams and Mace 2013). The shifting towards renewable sources of energy such as biofuel will lead to large-scale deforestation of mature trees that will in turn contribute to soil erosion and loss of habitat. The increasing demand for biofuel in Australia has led to clearance of land for plantations of palm oil. The benefits related to greenhouse gases that are acquired from the renewable fuel such as ethanol are greater as compared to the benefits received by making the use of fossil fuel such as Compressed Natural Gas (CNG). However, the releases from these gases are very responsive to the production system of feedstock. The most probable combinations that are used in Australia are the blends of E10, B100, B20 and B5. Sustainability is also considered as one of the decisive issue for the biofuel industry as there is no point in replacing one sustainable system with a different sustainable system. The use of modern biofuels such as biodiesel and ethanol for transport in Aus tralia generates a lot of interest along the supply chain of agriculture. According to recent estimates, Australia is still in the early days of the biofuel industry. As a result, the future requirements in Australia will be met by a wide-ranging mix of fuels (Hallgren et al. 2013).The producers of food, livestock and biofuels compete among each other for the similar commodity crops in the global arena. Competition with the producers of food leads to wicked problem in Australia. Another form of renewable energy that is preferred in Australia is shifting towards renewable electricity that is mostly generated by wind power. Wind energy is a renewable source of energy that provides several advantages and is considered as one of the fastest increasing sources of renewable energy in the world. However, several wicked problems are associated with wind energy. The major wicked problem that is caused by wind energy is that it leads to noise disturbances. The turbines lead to noise pollution despite the fact that wind energy is non-polluting. As a result, wind farms are not built near residential areas of Australia (Masters 2013). It also leads to visual pollution that influences individuals to avoid installing them in their backyard. It also leads to threat to wildlife. It has been claimed by the wildlife ecologists of Australia that more than 440,000 birds were killed by the existing turbines in Australia each year. Another wicked problem that is associated with wi nd energy is that it can never be predicted. The frequency of tornadoes as well as cyclones has increased considerably that leads to security concern. These stern storms lead to massive damage to the wind turbines that will in turn lead to safety hazard to those who are working in the wind farms. These stern storms are also likely to lead to permanent disability among human beings (Ippolito et al. 2014). According to Moss, Coram and Blashki (2014), several health hazards are taking place due to solar systems that leads to generation of solar PV. The health impacts are likely to have negative impact due to exposed toxic materials as well as gases that are likely to pose threat to the broader population. The production of semiconductors that are used in PV mostly leads to health hazards that are associated with solar energy. There is a little opposition to renewable energy projects in Australia that is quite dissimilar to that of other energy sources. The social impacts that are associated with shifting towards renewable energy comprises of the economic advantages from jobs. There are mostly three motivating papers on renewable energy that suggests wickedness of the renewable energy problem. Two out of the five articles deals with the examination of biofuels whereas; the third paper deals with transition of green energy. However, these papers mostly highlight localism and participation as the source to renewable energy. It mostly focuses on underlining weakening of endeavors at sustainability. The transition of biofuels and green energy are dwarfed by fossil fuels at present (Nilsson and Nykvist 2016). It is assumed that participatory governance promotes the shifting towards renewable energy. According to Mediavilla et al. (2013), the cooperation of the population is required to lead to acceptable solutions. It is imperative to consult with the local population in order to deal with their grievances. The local inhabitants of Australia should be direct access to the benefits of renewable energy. However, this standard should be applied to fossil fuels. Lo cal inhabitants can be fastened in the habitus of unsustainable practices and oppose changing those practices to renewable ones. Most of the individuals also complain about the health effects due to windfalls as well as pollution that are caused due to coal-fired electricity generators. On the other hand, nuclear reactors also carry more risk. The individuals require conserving energy as well as selecting the least bad option to produce energy. As opined by Florin, Van De Ven and Van Ittersum (2014), farmers and rural communities lobby for biofuels mostly for economic purposes even though their net impact towards combating climate change can be unenthusiastic or zero. It is illustrated that local community acts in their instant economic interest however; it is misleading to elevate localism and bottom-up policies as a universal remedy for sustainability. These results in confrontation to standardized rules that lead to decreased use of coal that acts as the part of the wicked problem. A further aspect that is associated with wicked problem deals with the dislocation of blame onto attempts at sustainability for a host of communal ills. There has been a debate related to renewable energy emission in Australia. According to Dunstan, Sharpe and Downes (2013), the government has maintained reputation of anti-renewable by undeviating the Clean Energy Finance Corporation in order to stop financing small-scale solar projects as well as wind farms. As per the reports, by the year 2030, 50 percent of electricity in Australia is likely to come from renewable. A no carbon tax has been promised by labors under which they are likely to focus on renewable energy. Renewable energy are likely to generate jobs however, moving away from the generation of fossil fuel will also cost jobs (Martin and Rice 2014). Risk awareness that is associated with local communities is not perfect as they are either well founded or unsupported. Global warming that is caused by shifting towards renewable energy that is mostly caused disproportionately due to wealthy societies. However, the statement is not agreed completely as the national plan of Australia had founded that shifting towards renewable energy will solve the problem of high power prices. The largest operator of coal fired stations in Australia has united with the chorus of a big business and environmental groups (Parkinson 2014). Energy Australia took the unparalleled move of captivating out a full-page commercial in a nationwide newspaper stating its support for an unbiased thrust for clean energy. Energy Australia had also proposed to construct a solar power station in Victoria as well as a wind farm in South Australia. Renewable energy does not lead to energy scarcity. However, it is mostly caused by scarcity and worsened by the things that indicate low income. Renewable are likely ti solve energy scarcity problem in Australia. This is mostly due to the fact that energy from the sun and wind is free (Luderer et al. 2014). It can be concluded that a policy that is likely to drive down emissions are likely to be costly as compared to other business. Australia requires a levelheaded, bipartisan emissions reduction policy that can be accomplished at a lowest cost. It is costly to produce electricity from the conventional sources of fossil fuels. Due to increasing demand for biofuels in Australia, there is also an increasing demand for palm oil industry. A scientific and economic content leads to an idea of agreeable communities. A systems view approach on the other hand, takes the total land into account that grows biomass feedstock. If Australia grows the aptitude to manufacture feedstock or fuel that can be denoted as sustainably manufactured. Australia has procedures at several government levels in order to deal with sustainability problems. The probable role that is played by first and second generation biofuels to transport the energy future of Australia can be evaluated against a complete range of o ptional fuels. The production facilities of biofuels make the use of fermentation and distillation procedures in order to generate ethanol from sugar. It can also be concluded that the solution to the above mentioned wicked problem can be only good or bad rather than true or false. This problem can be solved by going through the history that acts as a guide however; there is no template to follow in order to solve the problem. References Dunstan, C., Sharpe, S.A. and Downes, J., 2013. Investing in Savings: Finance and cooperative approaches to electricity demand management-A scoping study for the Clean Energy Finance Corporation. Florin, M.J., Van De Ven, G.W.J. and Van Ittersum, M.K., 2014. What drives sustainable biofuels? A review of indicator assessments of biofuel production systems involving smallholder farmers.Environmental Science Policy,37, pp.142-157. Hallgren, W., Schlosser, C.A., Monier, E., Kicklighter, D., Sokolov, A. and Melillo, J., 2013. Climate impacts of a large?scale biofuels expansion.Geophysical Research Letters,40(8), pp.1624-1630. Head, B.W. and Alford, J., 2015. Wicked problems: Implications for public policy and management.Administration Society,47(6), pp.711-739. Head, B.W., 2014. Evidence, uncertainty, and wicked problems in climate change decision making in Australia.Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy,32(4), pp.663-679. Ippolito, M.G., Di Silvestre, M.L., Sanseverino, E.R., Zizzo, G. and Graditi, G., 2014. Multi-objective optimized management of electrical energy storage systems in an islanded network with renewable energy sources under different design scenarios.Energy,64, pp.648-662. Luderer, G., Krey, V., Calvin, K., Merrick, J., Mima, S., Pietzcker, R., Van Vliet, J. and Wada, K., 2014. The role of renewable energy in climate stabilization: results from the EMF27 scenarios.Climatic change,123(3-4), pp.427-441. Martin, N.J. and Rice, J.L., 2014. Influencing clean energy laws: an analysis of business stakeholder engagement.Business Strategy and the Environment,23(7), pp.447-460. Masters, G.M., 2013.Renewable and efficient electric power systems. John Wiley Sons. Mediavilla, M., de Castro, C., Capelln, I., Miguel, L.J., Arto, I. and Frechoso, F., 2013. The transition towards renewable energies: Physical limits and temporal conditions.Energy Policy,52, pp.297-311. Moss, J., Coram, A. and Blashki, G., 2014. Wind energy, climate and health: evidence for the impacts of wind generated energy in Australia. Nilsson, M. and Nykvist, B., 2016. Governing the electric vehicle transitionNear term interventions to support a green energy economy.Applied Energy,179, pp.1360-1371. Parkinson, G., 2014. Solar has won. Even if coal were free to burn, power stations couldnt compete.The Guardian, July,7. Redford, K.H., Adams, W. and Mace, G.M., 2013. Synthetic biology and conservation of nature: wicked problems and wicked solutions.PLoS Biol,11(4), p.e1001530.

THE HISTORY OF THE GUITAR Essay Example For Students

THE HISTORY OF THE GUITAR Essay The guitar is a fretted, stringed instrument, and is a member of the lute family. It originated in Persia and reached Spain during the twelth-century, where it?s versatility as both a solo and accompanying instrument were established. The theory of the guitar was discovered in the early centuries. They found that the sound of a bowstring could be enhanced by attaching a resonating chamber -most like a tortiseshell- to the bow. From the bow came essentially three main types of stringed instruments: the Harp family, which was the sound of plucked strings indirectly transmitted to an attached sound box. The second was the Lyre family, which was strings of a fixed pitch are attached to the directly to a sound chamber. And the third was the Lute family, this was were the pitch of strings was altered by pressing them against a neck that is attached directly to a sound chamber. Within the Lute family came two groups. The lutes proper which had rounded backs and the guitar type instruments w ith their flat backs. Guitar-shaped instruments appear in stone bas-relief sculptures of the hittites in northern Syria and Asia Minor from as far back as 1350 B.C. We will write a custom essay on THE HISTORY OF THE GUITAR specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The word guitar also has origins in the middle and far east, deriving from gut, is the Arabic word for four, and tar, the Sanskrit word for string.The earliest European guitars did have four courses of gut strings. A 2course is a pair of strings tuned in unison. These early guitars were distinguished from lutes by body sides that curved inward to form a waist and by four courses of strings. Some but not all early guitars had a flat back, while lutes always had a flat back. In the Middle Ages and the Renaissance the lute was the dominant fretted instrument. The lute with was pear-shaped and had five or more courses of strings was generally regarded as a higher class of instrument. By 1546 the guitar had gained enough popularity to merit the publication of a book of guitar music. By this time guitars had added another course, and modern tuning had come into existence. Chord positions were the same as they are today. The frets of the early guitars were made of gut and tied around the ne ck. This made placement of frets very difficult. The early guitars were also much shorter in length than todays guitars. The second most popular instrument during the Middle ages was the cittern. It was more like the modern guitar than any other during that time. It had metal strings, fixed frets, a fingerboard that extended onto the top, a flat back, and a movable bridge with strings anchored by a tailpiece; and it was played with a quill or plectrum(pick). But this modern instrument soon lost its popularity and disappeared by the late 1600?s. Through the 1600?s and 1700?s the guitar design changed very little, although interest increased around luthiers. In the 1770?s the first guitars with six single strings appeared, 3blowing the evolutionary lid off the instrument. Within the next few decades, numerous innovations followed: body waists became narrower and body bouts changed shape, becoming circular in northern Europe and more oval shaped in southern Europe. Inlaid frets of brass or ivory replaced the tied on gut frets and the neck was extended one full octave(12 frets) clear of the body. Metal tuners with machine heads began to replace friction pegs, and strings were anchored by bridge pins, replacing the method of tying strings to the bridge. By the 1820?s most of the fingerboard extended all the way to the soundhole. As rapidly as the guitar changed so did it?s acceptance. By the 1800?s the Lute had all but disappeared. One of the best known makers of this new-style of guitar was Johann Georg Staufer of Vienna. Staufer and another maker Johann Ertel in 1822 designed a fingerboard raised off the top of the guitar, and experimente d with different fret metals, settling on an alloy of brass,copper,silver, and arsenic. The first half of the 19th century was a time of great experimentation for the guitar. And many of the innovations that were credited to 20th century makers were actually tried a century earlier. Some of them included: The peghead with all six tuners on one side and scroll shape at the top, which is now common of the fender guitars was tried in the 1800?s by Staufer. Gibson came out with the raised 4fingerboard in 1922. Actually it was done exactly 100 years earlier by Staufer and Ertel. In 1988 Fender introduced a scalloped fingerboard on one of it?s models. Again this had been done in the first half of the 1800?s.Artist endorsement models like the Les Paul, Stevie Ray Vaughn, and Chet Atkins model?s, which were of huge success had already been thought of and done like the Luigi Legnani model by Staufer in 1820. .u2eb35ee08085faf4a6dd9110e12ccf00 , .u2eb35ee08085faf4a6dd9110e12ccf00 .postImageUrl , .u2eb35ee08085faf4a6dd9110e12ccf00 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2eb35ee08085faf4a6dd9110e12ccf00 , .u2eb35ee08085faf4a6dd9110e12ccf00:hover , .u2eb35ee08085faf4a6dd9110e12ccf00:visited , .u2eb35ee08085faf4a6dd9110e12ccf00:active { border:0!important; } .u2eb35ee08085faf4a6dd9110e12ccf00 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2eb35ee08085faf4a6dd9110e12ccf00 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2eb35ee08085faf4a6dd9110e12ccf00:active , .u2eb35ee08085faf4a6dd9110e12ccf00:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2eb35ee08085faf4a6dd9110e12ccf00 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2eb35ee08085faf4a6dd9110e12ccf00 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2eb35ee08085faf4a6dd9110e12ccf00 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2eb35ee08085faf4a6dd9110e12ccf00 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2eb35ee08085faf4a6dd9110e12ccf00:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2eb35ee08085faf4a6dd9110e12ccf00 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2eb35ee08085faf4a6dd9110e12ccf00 .u2eb35ee08085faf4a6dd9110e12ccf00-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2eb35ee08085faf4a6dd9110e12ccf00:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Black Death Essay ThesisIn the early 20th century guitars began to develop into what we know today. In 1903 the first Gibson catalog assured that instruments would be made of woods with the most durable, elastic and sonorous qualities such as maple, mahogany, vermilion, and suitable woods. They settled on maple but only the high-end mandolins were made of maple. It wasn?t until the mid-to-late1920?s, when they finally began to make them with maple wood. During the early 1900?s Gibson and a company out of Chicago, the Larson brothers were the only ones whose instruments were built for steel strings. The others were still made for gut. From the 1850?s to the 1920?s , a varie ty of new guitar designs surfaced, some were outlandish and some were ideas whose time would not arrive until decades later like the Gibson carved top guitar and the Larson Brothers steel-stringed flat top which were both turn-of-the-century innovations. The guitar rested on an evolutionary plateau from the 1850?s into the 1920?s, at least in part to the perfection of C.F Martin?s design. This was partly because the guitar was secondary instrument, and was not 5subject to the competition like the banjo or mandolin. The closest the guitar came to challenging them was in Hawaiian music from 1915 into the 1920?s. But in the 1920?s a demand for greater volume began to revolutionize the banjo and continued to be the strongest driving force for new fretted instrument design for the next three decades. At the same time two new innovations in related fields were changing the musical instrument dramatically. The first advance the phonograph, actually dates back to the late 1800?s, but did not gather full force until after World War I.Recordings made all kinds of music available to people who had no access to any other music except for local and touring bands. The second advance was the radio. From 1920 to 1925 the two were in heated competition, with radio forbidding it?s artists to make records and vice versa. The music industry began and many different styles became popular, such as popular music from Broadway and ?Tin Pan Alley? in New York. Such styles as ?race? or ?blues?, and early jazz later revived as ?Dixieland?, and country music gained footholds in the music marketplace. In the 1920?s th e guitar began to emerge as the common denominator- the most versatile and portable instrument, best able to fill a role in an ensemble or accompany a solo performance. Players with different styles on every type of music appeared, among them Eddie Lang in jazz, Lonnie Johnson in blues and Jimmie Rodgers and Maybelle Carter in country. 6The 1930?s would be the most important decade in the history of the guitar, with more successful innovations than any other period of time. The Impending rise was signaled by the appearance of the first tenor guitars. Just as the tenor banjo, or mandolin-banjo as it was called earlier, owed part of its initial popularity to the ease with which a mandolin player could switch to it. It offered a shortcut for the tenor banjo players to switch to the increasingly popular guitar. Popular music of the 1920?s was becoming louder and louder. The invention of the electronic amplification raised the volume of radios and record players. The little parlor guitar from the previous century just could not cut it in the popular music of the day. In 1928 Andres Segovia first performed in the United Stated, turning the world of classical and semi-classical music on its ear. He brought a practically new style of music. As with many later guitar stars, Segovia had a guitar as influential as the music he played on it. It was made in Spain. in 1850 when C.F Martin was perfecting his x-bracing pattern and developing the American flat top guitar, Antonio de Torres in Spain was perfecting fan bracing and other designs that would characterize the modern classical guitar. The muted resonance of a typical American parlor guitar was no match for the hardy, robust sound of Segovia?s guitar. The new guitar left the American parlor guitar with no protection from the onslaught of new de signs. .u4a71970f75e7a9ae818204137cef4be2 , .u4a71970f75e7a9ae818204137cef4be2 .postImageUrl , .u4a71970f75e7a9ae818204137cef4be2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4a71970f75e7a9ae818204137cef4be2 , .u4a71970f75e7a9ae818204137cef4be2:hover , .u4a71970f75e7a9ae818204137cef4be2:visited , .u4a71970f75e7a9ae818204137cef4be2:active { border:0!important; } .u4a71970f75e7a9ae818204137cef4be2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4a71970f75e7a9ae818204137cef4be2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4a71970f75e7a9ae818204137cef4be2:active , .u4a71970f75e7a9ae818204137cef4be2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4a71970f75e7a9ae818204137cef4be2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4a71970f75e7a9ae818204137cef4be2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4a71970f75e7a9ae818204137cef4be2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4a71970f75e7a9ae818204137cef4be2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4a71970f75e7a9ae818204137cef4be2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4a71970f75e7a9ae818204137cef4be2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4a71970f75e7a9ae818204137cef4be2 .u4a71970f75e7a9ae818204137cef4be2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4a71970f75e7a9ae818204137cef4be2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: I heard the cry: plaintive, pitiable wail of a lost and frightened child Essay7The importance of volume cannot be overstated. The quest for a louder guitar would be the driving force behind all the innovations of the 1920?s and 30?s: the resonator guitars of National and Dobro, Martins dreadnought-sise flat tops, and Gibsons ?advanced? wider archtops and large bodied flat tops. When the limits of the acoustic guitar were reached the quest for volume would spark the invention and evolution of the electric guitar. Although the experimentation on the acoustic guitars continues, the standard acoustic guitars of today were all well developed by the end of the 1930?s. The sign of the electric guitar was in the 1930?s. People such as Les Paul and Eddie Durham were experimenting with the actual products. Durham carved out the inside of an acoustic guitar and put a resonator that he had cut out of a tin pan and placed it inside the guitar. He found that when he struck the strings the sound was greatly increased. By 1932 the Embryonic Rickenbacker company persuaded several of its acquaintance publicize their new lap, steel electric guitar. Eddie Durhams ?Hitting The Bottle? played on this instrument was cited as the first amplified guitar on record. By 1936 he was using a guitar with an electric pickup and had tried converting radio and phonograph amps. That same year the most reputable guitar company, Gibson, would introduce the ES150. Although it was almost identical to the existing L50 acoustic, the presence of an integral bar pickup close to the fingerboard meant this 8guitar was evolutionary. This Gibson model made the electric guitar acceptable. Pickup technology was primitive, Rickenbacker?s pickup was of a horseshoe design, where-by the magnets actually surrounded the strings. Walter Fuller and Gibson combined and designed a more practical pickup using two solid nickel magnets below the strings and a one piece steel bar was surrounded by the pickup coil. This directed the magnetic field toward the strings. After a few years a man by the name of Leo Fender showed up on the scene and improved the electric guitar. His improvements greatly increased its acceptance and popularity with both the musicians and listeners. In 1950 the Fender Company introduced the broadcaster, shortly after to become the telecaster. It pioneered the latest design of bolt on neck and a solid body, electric design. This began a new type of music called Rock and Roll. And so the birth of the electric guitar changed music, but what the people didn?t know is that it would only get better. In 1954,in addition to the telecaster, which was still being produ ced and is still being produced, Fender introduced the most copied body style of the guitar ever. The introduction to the stratocaster brought forth some of the greatest guitarists ever known. It featured the first double cut away, making it easier to reach all of the high strings and also had a third pickup added to it. Then in 1960, one man came along and changed the sound of the guitar forever, Jimmi Hendrix. With his 9explosive riffs and incredible volume he turned the guitar world upsidedown. He began experimenting with ideas to get his guitar to make different sounds and came up with the infamous fuzz face and wah wah pedals which he used to make the guitar almost speak to the audience. Many other legendary guitarists made a name for their selfs with this guitar such as Stevie Ray Vaughn, and Eddie Van Halen, all with similar but greatly different styles of playing. The last major invention of the electric guitar was in 1964 when Rickenbacker introduced the first twelve string electric guitar. From the beginning of its existence to the present day the guitar has taken on more forms and changes than any other instrument to date. Changing in size, shape, material and every other way imaginable. But one thing that hasn?t changed is the impact of a well played guitar riff on ones attitude and emotions.

12 Best Business Writing Books [Updated 2019]

12 Best Business Writing Books [Updated 2019] Because every business person needs to write well at work, there are hundreds of books specifically about business writing. I have a bookshelf and Kindle full of them because I read everything I can on this subject. Many business writing books are meh, and some are good. One problem with a book specifically devoted to business writing is that business writing is comprised of different elements of general writing. A specific business writing book can be formulaic and reductive. â€Å"Use this model† doesn’t work well when the information that goes into that model changes and requires discernment. These 12 books represent the best of the various elements that comprise good business writing. I recommend these books to clients in Instructional Solutions'business writing courses. BOOKS ON WRITING IN GENERAL How to Start, be Organized, and Not Panic 1.Bird by Bird by Anne Lamott This book is the most applicable to business writing and one of my favorite books. Anne Lamott is brilliant, funny, and breaks down the process of writing. Anything Anne Lamott writes is a joy to read. This excerpt reflects the essence: "Thirty years ago my older brother, who was ten years old at the time, was trying to get a report on birds written that he'd had three months to write. It was due the next day. We were out at our family cabin in Bolinas, and he was at the kitchen table close to tears, surrounded by binder paper and pencils and unopened books on birds, immobilized by the hugeness of the task ahead. Then my father sat down beside him, put his arm around my brother's shoulder, and said, 'Bird by bird, buddy. Just take it bird by bird.'" How to Extract the Essence 2.The Writing Life by Annie Dillard A little esoteric, but no one is better than extracting the essential core of a concept than Annie Dillard. Her advice in this book is the heart of writing an executive summary statement well. She also explores the joy and heartbreak of writing well. BOOKS ON WRITING STYLE Best How-to-Write Book 3.On Writing Well by William Zinsser This book is the classic guide on effective non-fiction writing. If I had to choose only one book to read to improve business writing, it would be this one. It will help readers write better and understand how to improve what they’ve already written. Best Current Style Book 4.The Sense of Style by Steven Pinker Its subtitle is â€Å"The Thinking Person’s Guide to Writing in the 21st Century.† Pinker is a Harvard lecturer and a master linguist. His writing is very entertaining. He takes a â€Å"descriptivist† approach to grammar, rather than a â€Å"prescriptivist,† by advocating clear language and breaking grammar rules when needed. This book is a must read for contemporary business writers, but in business writing I recommend staying with grammar rules unless clarity requires a break. Many business readers might pounce on a grammar â€Å"error,† not realizing that breaking the convention actually improves meaning. The Classic Book of Style and Clarity 5.The Elements of Style by Strunk and White This little book has been the bible of style for over 50 years for a good reason. Be sure to read a later version that is edited by E.B. White, also, as it’s more comprehensive than William Strunk’s first edition. Best Book to Cut Bloat 6.Why Business People Speak Like Idiots by Brian Fugere Published in 2005, this book is still sadly very relevant. Business writing is drowning in jargon and meaningless buzzwords that obscure real information. It identifies four strategies to cut the bloat. hbspt.cta._relativeUrls=true;hbspt.cta.load(41482, '39de76fa-b005-4d0a-9136-a9a423513681', {}); Best to Improve Sentence Construction 7.It Was the Best of Sentences, It Was the Worst of Sentences by June Casagrande Strong sentences build strong documents. This book beautifully deconstructs clear sentences. This book is a wickedly funny, no-nonsense guide. Best Grammar Book 8.Eats, Shoots, and Leaves: The Zero Approach to Punctuation by Lynne Truss Who knew grammar and punctuation could be so funny? This best-selling book is an impassioned manifesto, complete with amusing error examples (dead sons photos may be released). Truss leans more to the prescriptivist school of grammar than the descriptivist, which matches business writing requirements. STYLE GUIDES Best for Templates and General Guides 9.The Business Writer’s Handbook by Gerald Alred, Walter Oliu, and Charles Brusaw Very useful for models and overall business writing standards. If You Have a Website or Publish Internal Information to Staff 10.The Associated Press Stylebook 2019 The definitive style guide to use if you publish anything on the web. It is regularly updated. The 2019 version is now available and has an updated section on gender considerations. Best for Current and Evolving Usage 11.Garner’s Modern English Usage, 4th Edition An invaluable desk reference for grammar and usage. It has recently been expanded and covers both American and British usage. It’s especially useful for the evolution of new words and their usage. Most Comprehensive 12.The Gregg Reference Manual, 11th Edition Traditionally, the Gregg Reference Manual has been the style guide of choice for business writers. It’s easy to navigate and depth of coverage is unmatched. The Associated Press Stylebook is now often a business’s standard guide, but Gregg has information not found in other guides. What books about business writing have helped you? Please share in comments!

15 Quotes for Christmas Decorations

15 Quotes for Christmas Decorations Decorating your home during Christmas can be a lot of fun, especially when done with your loved ones. It is a great way to bond with family and friends. Colorful festoons, fairy lights, snowflake cutouts, and ribbons can make the atmosphere festive. So work up your imagination, and create magic with Christmas decorations. Theme-based decorations are a big hit with kids, regardless of age. You can even bake a cake with the theme, to add a dash of excitement. Instead of posting  Christmas cards  with your family photographed hugging each other, you can do something better. If you are a whiz at art and craft, you can make your own Christmas decorations rather than using store-bought trinkets. Get your family and kids to participate in making Christmas decorations and make this a family project. Besides saving money, you will also enjoy doing the project together. Hang photographs of your family during childhood, adulthood, best days and worst days. Take your friends for a  walk down memory lane with old pictures. Nothing is more charming than reminiscing good old days with a bunch of friends. These quotes from the famous and not so famous can inspire you decorating ideas that can help make your home and Christmas tree stand out in the neighborhood. Eva K. Logue A Christmas candle is a lovely thing; it makes no noise at all, but softly gives itself away; while quite unselfish, it grows small. Burton Hillis The best of all gifts around any Christmas tree: The presence of a happy family all wrapped up in each other.Henry Wadsworth Longfellow I heard the bells on Christmas Day / Their old, familiar carols play, and wild and sweet / The word repeat of peace on earth, good-will to men! Charles N. Barnard The perfect Christmas tree? All Christmas trees are perfect! Larry Wilde Never worry about the size of your Christmas tree. In the eyes of children, they are all 30 feet tall. Roy L. Smith He who has not Christmas in his heart will never find it under a tree. Lenore Hershey Do give books- religious or otherwise- for Christmas. They’re never fattening, seldom sinful, and permanently personal. Ashley Tisdale Love Christmas, not just because of the presents but because of all the decorations and lights and the warmth of the season. Mary Ellen Chase Christmas, children, is not a date. It is a state of mind. Charles M. Schulz Christmas is doing a little something extra for someone. G. K. Chesterton When we were children we were grateful to those who filled our stockings at Christmas time. Why are we not grateful to God for filling our stockings with legs? Peg Bracken Gifts of time and love are surely the basic ingredients of a truly merry Christmas. Richard Paul Evans The smells of Christmas are the smells of childhood. Norman Vincent Peale Christmas waves a magic wand over this world, and behold, everything is softer and more beautiful. Kin Hubbard Nothing’s as mean as giving a little child something useful for Christmas.